Survey of International Business Major Assignment

Management Issues Faced by Mia Foster Mia Foster is relatively new in her position as the chief executive of Levendary Cafà ©. However, she finds herself under an immense pressure from various departments within the firm. The senior managers at the firm’s parent firm are putting a lot of pressure on her to get full control of the operations in China. Peter Steele, the chief franchise officer is mad about the operation strategies employed by the management of this firm in its branch in China (Bartlett Arar, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Survey of International Business Major Assignment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He insists that Foster must find a way to stop the operations strategies in China, and make that management embrace the strategies used in the parent firm back in the United States. Nick White, the chief operating officer, believes that the Louis Chen, the manager in charge of opera tions in China, is just a difficult individual to deal with. He also registers his dissatisfaction with the way the Chinese branch of this firm is run. Louis Chen on the other hand, strongly believes that the American markets are different from the markets in China. As such, the management strategies that work well in China may not be very successful. He also believes that he has freedom to employ his own strategies because that was part of the original agreement when he was assigned this task about 12 months ago (Bartlett Arar, 2011). He insists that he was given 18 months to ensure that Levendary Cafà © is operational in China. This was to be achieved using strategies considered appropriate in this country. He had over five months to employ his strategies and ensure that Levendary Cafà © had strongly established itself in this country. Moreover, Chen considered the pressure from the head office in the US misplaced because he had managed to set up twenty-three outlets for this f irm in this country within that short period. He therefore, believed that he deserved a praise other than the demonization he believed was coming from the head office. Mia Foster is found in the middle of this pressure. Upon talking on phone and through video conferencing with Mr. Chen, she realizes that Chen is an inflexible man who likes working with his own style, and does not appreciate being corrected. She confirms the fact that the approach taken by Chen in Managing the Chinese operations is very different from the approach used in the home country. However, she also notes with pleasure, that within the period Chen has been the head of the Chinese operations, this firm has opened a record of 23 outlets. This good achievement should be appreciated. However, she fears that the approach taken in China would make the Chinese branch appear completely different from that in the United States. She has to find a solution as the leader in this organization.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Analysis of the Management Issues Mia Foster Faces Mia Foster has to come up with an appropriate management model that will satisfy the senior managers at the head office, and the management unit in China. PEST Model can be appropriate in managing this case. This theory would help the management understand the external environment of this firm in its China branch. Although the top management of this firm in the United States are justified in their resentment towards Chen’s single handed approach to management, they should appreciate the fact that Chinese external environment is different from that in the United States. Their policies should be guided by this fact (Onkelinx, Sleuwaegen, 2008). Mia Foster must put into consideration the fact that the political environment in China is different from that in the United States. The economy of a country also has an inf luence on management approach of a firm within a particular period (Fernandez Rainey, 2006). Although China is the second largest economy after the United States’ economy, the living standards of the Chinese and their lifestyle are very different from that of Americans. This should be taken into consideration when making the final decision. Mia Foster should be aware of the social factors that define buyer behaviour in China, and how this differs from that in the United States (Guenette, 2008). This would help determine the right path that the management would take in managing the issues arising from the branch in China. Mia Foster must realize that the social structure in China is different from what it is in the United States. An analysis should be done to determine the influence of technology on the buyer behaviour and to this industry in general, both in the United States and China. It would be important to determine if the policies implemented by Chen was as a result of the technological differences or similarities. Vettoretti, Munro and Emerson (2012) say that technological factors of a place may have an influence on the management practices that are applied. The top management of this firm should not ignore this fact. Analysis of the Future Prospects of the Marketplace in China The management of Levendary Cafe has to get it right on how to manage the Chinese operations. According to chief operating officer, Mr Nick White, Levendary Cafe has exploited the local market in the United States, and the growth of this firm heavily relies on its ability to capture the market in China.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Survey of International Business Major Assignment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The future prospect of the Chinese market is very bright. Working solely and without the directions of the much-experienced managers, Mr Chen was able to establish 23 stores in barely one year. The stores have been confirmed to be operational and only needs some little improvement, especially on the layout, to match those in the United States. This means that the market has a potential to sustain the plans for expansion of this firm. However, the management should take into consideration that there are some challenges in this market that may interfere with its normal operations in China. These challenges should be approached with skills and intelligence from the top management (Sligo, 2006). Mia Foster should consider using some elements of SWOT analysis in this new market. Managing the Challenges in the New Market Mia Foster should work with the other managers and management unit of this firm in China in order to counter the challenges that threaten to derail the brighter future of this firm. In this management approach, Foster should consider analyzing the Chinese branch by understanding strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats (Government Office of Sout h West, 2007). Using SWOT analysis would help this management determine the best approach to take in handling the weaknesses and threats faced by the firm, while making the best out of its strengths and the opportunities available in the market. Foster- working closely with Mr. Chen and other employees in China- should understand some of the strengths that this branch in China has against its strong competitors. Strengths are some of the unique factors that a firm has over other competing firms (Iles Cranfield, 2004). Chen and his team have proven to be capable of creating new outlets for this firm at an average of two outlets per month. This is a unique capability which should be considered as a strength that this firm has over other competing firms in this market. Louis Chen and his go-getter approach of management should be considered as strength of this firm in acquiring more market share in this country. However, there is a weakness that should be addressed collectively. The i dea of Chen running the Chinese branch of this firm as an individual property is a weakness. Chen should realize that this is a firm with many members and with clear values and policies to follow. He should therefore, consider working as a team with other members. The fact that the Chinese outlets are not up to standards when compared to the Unites States’ outlets is another weakness that should be given enough attention.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Mia Foster and the entire management team should be quick in identifying some of the opportunities in the Chinese market that can be used to make Levendary Cafà © stronger in this market. One such opportunity is the huge population in China. China is the most populous nation in the world. Trading in this country will give this firm an opportunity to tap from the massive population. However, attention and care should be taken when dealing with some of the threats that this firm faces in this market. The biggest threat comes from the competitors such as the McDonalds. These competitors are keen to ensure that they gain and protect their market share. This is a threat to Levendary’s effort to increase its market share in this country. The Approach Mia Foster Should Adopt When Meeting Louis Chen According to Ying (2006), managers should always be in a position to understand their junior employees in order to make them act in a desirable manner. In her mind, Foster appreciates th e fact that there are three types of leaders, which are the enterprising people, the local baron, and the professional managers. These three leaders are best suited for different stages of the development of a new firm. She also appreciates that Louis Chen had evolved from an enterprising person to a local baron. In her mind, she is wondering how he could transform to become a professional manager. She must be able to determine how to approach Mr. Chen with the ideas that were given by the managers in the head office when they meet. To help in defining the best approach to take when they meet, the following theories may help Foster make a sensible judgment. Mia Foster should develop a positive attitude towards Chan in order to make the discussion fruitful. She needs to consider Chen as an employee with the capacity to work and achieve goals of this firm with a lot of ease. According to McGregor’s theory X Mia Foster can consider Louis Chen as an individual who cannot deliver without close supervision (O’Neill, 2012). When Foster takes this approach of management, she will need to put up a system where Chen and all other senior staff members in China would be closely monitored. Alternatively, she can consider the argument that Chen and his team of employees in China are individuals who are self-motivated and can deliver good result when given room to work under very minimal supervision (Gleave Donald, 2011). This would mean that inasmuch as Chen would have to give regular reports on his operative actions, he will still have a room to make his own judgment on various issues when running this branch. Mia Foster should consider Chen and his team as people who understands the local environment and can deliver the expected result in this market. However, she must also take into consideration the expectation of the top management back in the United States. Peter Steele registered his dissatisfaction with the management approach of Chen, while Nick Whit e clearly stated that managing Chen was a task he considered beyond him. As the chief executive, she is looked upon by these top managers to transform Chen to a manageable officer who will take instruction from his seniors in the head office. In this scenario, Mia Foster should consider ensure that they understand the needs for employees in China and the market forces when making decision (Dogwood Alliance 2008). Mia Foster should be keen to ensure that Louis Chen is not demoralized after their meeting. As an employee, he is just as important as the productivity of the firm in China, which is the ultimate goal of investing in this country (Card Krueger, 1994). Inasmuch as the management would want maximum productivity at the plant in China, it is important to ensure that employees (and specifically Louis Chen who is the manager of the Chinese Branch) feel that their efforts are appreciated. Mia Foster should approach Mr. Louis Chen with the team management spirit. She should inform Mr. Chen that she, as the chief executive of this firm, and the entire team of management, appreciates the hard work put by Mr. Chen and his entire team of employees. However, there is need to encourage team spirit in the production process. The main aim of the firm establishing a branch in China is to expand its operation. Mia Foster should inform Mr. Chen that the top management appreciates the approach that Mr. Chen has applied in bringing this firm to its current position in China. With this level of success, Foster should inform Mr. Chen that there would be a need to work as a team. This would mean that although Chen would still enjoy the freedom given to him when signing the contract, he will need to work closely with the top management. Mia should have in mind the fact that China has a very different cultural structure from that in the United States. She should appreciate the need to act differently when managing this new branch in China. All this should be reflected in her discussion. However, she should emphasize the need to ensure that the China branch operates under the guidelines of the parent firm in the United States. Mia Foster should inform Louis Chen that whenever he feels that there is need to implement a new policy within this country, he should communicate to his superior in order to share this information. This will bring Chen to manageable levels, while still allowing the freedom to exploit his talents and the knowledge of the local market. This way, she will satisfy the needs of other top managers back in the US in a way that Mr. Chen would consider sensible. References Bartlett, C., Arar, H. (2011). Levendary Cafà ©: The China. Harvard Business School, 10(24), 1-13. Card, D., Krueger, B. (1994). Minimum Wages and Employment: A Case Study of the Fast-Food Industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. The JEL Journal, 84(4), 1-67. Retrieved from http://davidcard.berkeley.edu/papers/njmin-aer.pdf Dogwood Alliance. (2008). Fast Food Industry Packaging Report. No Free Refills, 5(11), 1-7. Retrieved from http://www.nofreerefills.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/NoFreeRefillsReport.pdf Fernandez, S. Rainey, H. (2006). Managing Successful Organizational Change in the Public Sector: Theory to Practice. Public Administration Review, 66(2), 168–176. Retrieved from http://glennschool.osu.edu/faculty/brown/home/810/Class%20Materials/fernandez%20and%20rainey.pdf Gleave, S., Donald, K. (2011). Financial Services: China’s Capital Markets the changing landscape. KPMG, 12(4), 1-40. Retrieved from http://www.kpmg.com/cn/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/Documents/China-Capital-Markets-FTSE-201106.pdf Government Office of South West. (2007). Resource Efficiency and Corporate Responsibility: How to Manage Change in an organization. Retrieved from http://www.oursouthwest.com/SusBus/mggchange.pdf Guenette, L. (2008). The McDonaldization of China. National Committee on United States-China Relations, 7(9), 1-97. Retri eved from http://www.ncuscr.org/files/Guenette_1.pdf Iles, V. Cranfield, S. (2004). Managing Change in the NHS: Developing Change Management Skills: A Resource for Health Care Professionals And Managers. Retrieved from http://www.nhsemployers.org/SiteCollectionDocuments/Managing_change_in_the_NHS_developing_change_management_skills_aw_030309.pdf O’Neill, M. (2012). Managing Workplace Change: A People-Based Perspective. Knoll Workplace Research. Retrieved from http://www.cbi-nc.com/white-papers/WP_ManagingChange.pdf Onkelinx, J., Sleuwaegen, L. (2008). Internationalization of SMEs. Flanders District of Creativity, 3(11), 1-92. Retrieved from http://www.flandersdc.be/download/nl/20085481/file/flandersdc_internationalization_of_sme_s.pdf Sligo, F. (2006). Managing Change. New Zealand General Management Handbook. CCH New Zealand: Auckland. Retrieved from http://www.massey.ac.nz/massey/fms/Colleges/College%20of%20Business/Communication%20and%20Journalism/Staff/Staff%20research%2 0files/FSligo/Managing%20Change.pdf Vettoretti, R., Munro, S., Emerson, E. (2012). Shopping China: The Retail Growth Opportunity, 3(1), 1116-1134. Retrieved from https://www.wewear.org/assets/1/7/Shopping_China_Webinar_Full_Presentation_111612.pdf Ying, B. (2006).Chinese Food Industry and Market Report. The Reporter, Retrieved from https://www.google.com/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=9sqi=2ved=0CG4QFjAIurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lifs.se%2F_media%2Fen%2Fpdf%2Fchinesefoodindustryandmarket.pdfei=Yn6LUdOCKYeUhQfr34DICAusg=AFQjCNHkMQJi0JN3dMK9qRAG3jgGPA_sUAsig2=kfBQdS2OEmM6T7Rzwoz9kw This essay on Survey of International Business Major Assignment was written and submitted by user Byron Kennedy to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Electricity conservation at home Essays

Electricity conservation at home Essays Electricity conservation at home Essay Electricity conservation at home Essay Energy preservation means to cut down the measure of energy that is used for different intents. This pattern may ensue in addition of fiscal capital. environmental value. national and personal security. and human comfort. Persons and organisations that are direct consumers of energy may desire to conserve energy in order to cut down energy costs and advance economic. political and environmental sustainability. Industrial and commercial users may desire to increase efficiency and therefore maximise net income. On a larger graduated table. energy preservation is an of import component of energy policy. In general. energy preservation reduces the energy ingestion and energy demand per capita. This reduces the rise in energy costs. and can cut down the demand for new power workss. and energy imports. The decreased energy demand can supply more flexibleness in taking the most preferable methods of energy production. By cut downing emanations. energy preservation is an of import method to forestall clime alteration. Energy preservation makes it easier to replace non-renewable resources with renewable energy. Energy preservation is frequently the most economical solution to energy deficits. DOMESTIC SECTOR AND THE APPLIANCES The Domestic Sector histories for 30 % of entire energy ingestion in the state. There is a enormous range to conserve energy by following simple steps. This information is a usher. which offers easy. practical solutions for salvaging energy in Home Appliances. It would be utile to cognize which gadget consumes how much electricity. Economic usage of place contraptions can assist in cut downing electricity measures. The following tabular array shows the energy ingestion of assorted contraptions usually used at place: Appliance Evaluation ( WATTS ) OPERATING HRS/DAY UNITS/ Calendar months Incandescent bulbs 40 6 7 60 6 11 Fluorescent tubing visible radiation 40 10 12 Night lamp 15 10 4. 5 Mosquito repellant 5 10 1. 5 Fans 60 15 27 Air ice chests 175 8 42 Air conditioners 1500 6 270 Refrigerator 225 15 101 Mixer/blender 450 1 13. 5 Toaster 800 0. 5 12 Hot home base 1500 0. 5 22. 5 Oven 1000 1 30 Electric boiler 1500 1 45 Electric Fe 1500 1 45 Water heater-instant Type ( 1-2 liters capacity ) 3000 1 90 Water heater-storage Type ( 10-20 liters capacity ) 2000 1 60 Submergence rod 1000 1 30 Vacuum cleansing agent 700 0. 5 11 Washing machine 300 1 9 Water pump 750 1 22. 5 Television 100 10 30 Audio system 50 2 3 Useful TIPS TO SAVE ENERGY By following these simple tips one can salvage energy to a big extent. Lighting O Turn off the visible radiations when non in usage O Take advantage of daytime by utilizing light- coloured. loose-weave drapes on your Windowss to let daytime to perforate the room. Besides. decorate with lighter colorss that reflect daylight O De-dust illuming fixtures to keep light O Use undertaking illuming ; alternatively of brilliantly illuming an full room. concentrate the visible radiation where you need it O Compact fluorescent bulbs are four times more energy efficient than incandescent bulbs and supply the same lighting O Use electronic choking coils in topographic point of conventional Cu choking coils Fans O Replace conventional regulators with electronic regulators for ceiling fans O Install fumes fans at a higher lift than ceiling fans Electric Fe O Select Fe boxes with automatic temperature cut off O Use appropriate regulator place for pressing O Do non set more H2O on apparels while pressing O Do non press moisture apparels Kitchen Appliances O Sociables  § Avoid prohibitionist crunching in your nutrient processors ( sociables and bombers ) as it takes longer clip than liquid crunching O Microwaves ovens  § Consumes 50 % less energy than conventional electric / gas ranges  § Do non bake big nutrient points  § Unless you’re baking staff of lifes or pastries. you may non even necessitate to preheat  § Don’t open the oven door excessively frequently to look into nutrient status as each gap leads to a temperature bead of 25 °C O Electric range  § Turn off electric ranges several proceedingss before the specified cookery clip  § Use flat-bottomed pans that make full contact with the cookery spiral O Gas range  § When cooking on a gas burner. usage moderate fire scenes to conserve LPG  § Remember that a bluish fire means your gas range is runing expeditiously  § Yellow fire is an index that the burner needs cleaning  § Use force per unit area cookers every bit much as possible  § Use lids to cover the pans while cooking  § Bring points taken out of iceboxs ( like veggies. milk etc ) to room temperature before puting on the gas range for heating O Use Solar Water Heater – a good replacing for a electric H2O warmer Electronic Devicess O Do non exchange on the power when Television and Audio Systems are non in usage i. e. idle operation leads to an energy loss of 10 watts/device Computers O Turn off your place office equipment when non in usage. A computing machine that runs 24 hours a twenty-four hours. for case. uses – more power than an energy-efficient icebox. O If your computing machine must be left on. turn off the proctor ; this device entirely uses more than half the system’s energy. O Puting computing machines. proctors. and duplicators to utilize sleep-mode when non in usage helps cut energy costs by about 40 % . O Battery coursers. such as those for laptops. cell phones and digital cameras. draw power whenever they are plugged in and are really inefficient. Pull the stopper and salvage. O Screen rescuers save computing machine screens. non energy. Start-ups and closures do non utilize any excess energy. nor are they difficult on your computing machine constituents. In fact. closing computing machines down when you are finished utilizing them really reduces system wear – and saves energy Refrigerator O Regularly defrost manual-defrost iceboxs and deep-freezes ; frost construct up increases the sum of energy needed to maintain the motor running. O Leave plenty infinite between your icebox and the walls so that air can easy circulate around the icebox O Don’t maintain your icebox or freezer excessively cold. O Make certain your icebox door seals are air-tight O Cover liquids and wrap nutrients stored in the icebox. Uncovered nutrients let go of wet and do the compressor work harder. O Do non open the doors of the iceboxs often O Don’t leave the electric refrigerator door unfastened for longer than necessary. as cold air will get away. O Use smaller cabinets for hive awaying often used points O Avoid seting hot or warm nutrient straight into the electric refrigerator Washing machines O Always wash merely with full tonss O Use optimum measure of H2O O Use timer installation to salvage energy O Use the right sum of detergent O Use hot H2O merely for really soiled apparels O Always use cold H2O in the rinse rhythm O Prefer natural drying over electric driers Air Conditioners O Prefer air conditioners holding automatic temperature cut off O Keep regulators at low cool place O Operate the ceiling fan in concurrence with your window air conditioner to distribute the cooled air more efficaciously throughout the room and run the air conditioner at higher temperature O Seal the doors and Windowss decently O Leave plenty infinite between your air conditioner and the walls to let better air circulation O A roof garden can cut down the burden on Air Conditioner O Use windows with Sun films/curtains O Set your thermoregulator every bit high as comfortably possible in the summer. The less difference between the indoor and out-of-door temperatures. the lower will be energy ingestion. O Don’t put your thermoregulator at a colder puting than normal when you turn on your air conditioner. It will non chill your place any faster and could ensue in inordinate chilling. O Don’t topographic point lamps or Television sets near your air-conditioning thermoregulator. The thermoregulator senses heat from these contraptions. which can do the air conditioner to run longer than necessary. O Plant trees or bushs to shadow air-conditioning units but non to barricade the air flow. A unit operating in the shadiness uses every bit much as 10 % less electricity than the same one operating in the Sun. Roofing *Reduce the strain on your AC by using brooding coating. This will assist you salvage by diminishing the sum of heat coming into your place. *Keep your roof lasting longer. Brooding roofs non merely cut down heat buildup. they besides prevent the enlargement and contraction that degrade roofs. *Replace the roof with one with an ENERGY STAR ® label. It will salvage energy and aid protect the environment through superior energy-efficiency. Decision Therefore if we use the place contraptions judiciously. there will be minimal ingestion of electricity. thereby conserving energy.

How to create a beautiful home design with low budget Essay

How to create a beautiful home design with low budget - Essay Example y, esthetic sense is really important when it comes to choosing decorating material, everything should appear impressive and for that a person has to have great taste and choice. The next important step is to take a walk around the home so as to determine which area to mainly focus upon, this is also very important because it is really difficult to cover all the areas especially when the funds available are very limited. Magazines and furniture stores can provide a lot of ideas with the help of which an ordinary looking home can look out of this world, it is very important to scroll through magazines to look for inspiration. Visiting furniture stores is also important because furniture can redefine the look of a house provided the right stuff is picked from the furniture store. Home dà ©cor items that already exist in the house should be paid attention to, it can either be sold if it is not fitting in too well or it can be modified and reinvented to make the house look better at absolutely no extra cost. Painting the walls in each room would definitely help and the whole process is inexpensive also, the right shade should be selected to make the house look better and it is also important to be unique and appealing to the senses. Colors can be mixed and matched suiting the needs of an individual and also depending on the choice of color of an individual. â€Å"Purchase neutral furniture pieces if you need new furniture so they will fit into any design or color changes in the room. Browse the clearance section of the furniture store for discounted pieces, or keep an eye on Craigslist for cheap used furniture that looks like new.† (Budgeting Money) Dressing up the furniture is the next important thing, matching pillows with the wall paint can be used so as to make it look really impressive, in addition to this new pillows complimenting the furniture can also be purchased, this will make the room look so much better and impressive. â€Å"Begin by buying a few lush

Trip Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Trip Report - Essay Example The plant should introduce "advance notice" procedures and indicate the exact time of arrival for each truck. (b) Also, it is possible to focus on activity scheduling, which is concerned only with activities directly related to the function: for instance, time of arrival, loading, lab reports, etc. The timing of such activities may have a significant impact on resource utilization and customer service (Chase, Jacobs 2003). The main problem of Quality Control Laboratory is a slow report procedure and work overload. The Quality Control Laboratory can be divided into several sub-units responsible for certain reports. It can increase costs, but it will reduce time and improve service provided. For instance, the laboratory can have the following units: (a) for incoming raw materials to verify the identification and specifications are correct, (b) for WIP and any special request from any production department, and (c) for outgoing shipment. If there is no much work to do, one of the groups could help another one with analyses for outgoing shipment. Again, if the time is stipulated, the trucks will not wait for a long time to test results. The main problems of this level involve (1) product shortage caused by inefficient production ... (a) The assessment of the nature and level of demand for products and services must be accurate, if economic resources are not to be misused. (b) The department should find out, as accurately as possible, present and future customers requirements. (c) Records must be up to date and quickly accessible, particularly where demand fluctuates rapidly. (d) Facility decisions are concerned with how many warehouses and plants Denver should have, and with where they should be located in order to optimize the customer service/cost equation. For the majority of companies it is necessary to take the location of existing facilities as given in the short term. Thus, managers can consider the inventory management problem to be a part of a wider operations scheduling problem. (e) Capacity management decisions will provide a context within which inventories and activities are be both planned and controlled. They will to some extent reflect operating policy decisions, while inventory and scheduling pr oblems might be considered as more tactical issues (Vonderembse, White 2003). Production units and operational departments should be better coordinated according to their functions and performance. It is the task of the department manager and plant manager to coordinate and control production procedures. For instance, an employee on a golf cart can help to coordinate activities on all shifts informing various operators about current changes and procedures. Product Loading Facilities and Operations Poor time management leads to queues and incorrect loading facility. Primarily, the right levels of stock must be fixed. Most firms carry too high levels of stock and any firm which is attempting to reduce stocks must note the factor dealt with under stock or inventory problems. For

THE GREAT GATSBY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

THE GREAT GATSBY - Essay Example Myriel, however, turns out to be the first individual in decades to treat Valjean with adore and respect. The meeting with Myriel perpetually transforms Valjean’s character, as Myriel makes Valjean promise to turn out to be an honest man (Hugo, 2010 ). Once Valjean opens up his compassion, he becomes a evidence to the redemptive power of love and sympathy. His hard work and new vision change the dilapidated town of Montreuil-sur-mer into a flourishing manufacturing center, which in sequence teaches Valjean the value of charity. In taking care of Cosette, Valjean learns how to love others and how to pass that love. He is incomparable only in his physical strength and his enthusiasm to discover what is good, and this genuineness is enough to make him the novel’s hero as well as a rescuer and a friend to a number of individuals who find themselves in hazard. Hardened by prison and rescued by the kindness of M. Myriel, Valjean is a empty slate, molded by his acquaintance and circumstances. This aptitude to change makes him a universal symbol of anticipation if he can learn love and charity after distressing so much injustice. Now comparing and contrasting Valjean’s character with Gatsby, following can be deduced: Jay Gatsby is the title character and leading role of the novel, Gatsby who is a staggeringly wealthy young man living in a Gothic house in West Egg. He is well-known for the sumptuous parties he throws every Saturday night, but no one knows where he live, what he do, or how he made his wealth. As the novel progresses, it is revealed to Nick that Gatsby was born James Gatz on a farmhouse in North Dakota; working for a millionaire made him bestow his life to the achievement of wealth. When he meets Daisy while teaching to be an police officer in Louisville, he fell in love with her. Nick also discovered that Gatsby made his fortune through illegal activity, as he was enthusiastic to do anything to gain

Brand extension for leveraging brand equity

Brand extension for leveraging brand equity Brand extensions are one of the most popular strategies for leveraging brand equity. By launching new products under popular brand names, firms hope that consumers will respond more favorably to the new offering, due to their familiarity with the parent brand, positive feelings toward the parent brand, and positive attribute and non-attribute associations they have with the parent brand. A brand is the identity of a specific product, service, or business. Brand extension denotes to the corporate activity in which companies bring in new products, new product variants or product improvements by leveraging the brand equity of the existing parent brand. It is believed that compared to launching a new product under a new brand name, brand extensions can increase the efficiency of promotional efforts, improve access to distribution channels, and reduce consumers perceived risk of purchasing a product or service (Keller, 2002). Another major factor for which Companies prefer to use brand extension is lower cost. Introducing a new brand into consumer market can be relatively much higher than introducing new product or product variants under the same brand name. This cost can range above millions of rupees and can not guarantee of any success. So instead of launching entirely a new product, most companies prefer brand extension. Successful examples such as Diet Pepsi and Diet Coke benefited from the brand franchise of their parent products. Coca-Cola introduced six extensions and captured a larger market share than the original brand. For example, Cokes extension, Cherry Coke, was successful even without considerable advertisement. On the other hand, the potential of brand extension problems can ranger from failure of the brand or partial failure such as brand Dilution and brand cannibalism. Instead of success, the failed extension might tarnish the image and reduce the market share of the parent product. Associations that are unique to the brand, strongly held, and favorably held, are vital for success. However, since the specific associations a consumer holds are dependent on personal values and individual purchase situations, managers must learn what they are and when they operate. For example in case of new Coke, Coca Cola did not pay attention to what the core brand meant to stand for. It mainly focused on the taste and thought that the taste is the only factor which consumers are looking for. This concept was wrong. Coca cola was unable to identify the attachment of the consumer with the original coke before launching New coke, even though Coca Cola spent a lot of money on conducting research before launc hing New coke. Brand dilution occurs when consumers loss the original grasp of brand perception on their minds and no longer associate the brand with a specific product. For instance, Sunsilk may experience brand dilution by loosing its strong identity of hair care and shampoo range by running a number of different categories like mashed potatoes, powdered milk and soups. Too broad varieties of product categories run under same brand can frustrate consumers in thinking which variations of products that actually fit to their perceptions. For Example, too many ranges of Sunsilk shampoo include Sunsilk black, pink, white, yoghurt, dandruff can make customers confused in buying a suitable product which actually fit to their needs. Even though todays consumers are selective in their buying habits and expect innovation, the reality of brand extension success is still low. This is because most of new product extensions are not unique and do not satisfy consumer needs. There are some factors that lead to b rand dilution. Among those include perception in consumer minds comparing between parent brand and product extension, level of familiarity with parent brand, fit level transferred from parent brand to extension and consumers perception to new product. Level of brand loyalty shown by a customer can switch to radical degree for brand extension case. When loyalty and level of familiarity with parent brand is high, new product extension failure may greatly diminish trust level to entire brand portfolio. In turn, low familiarity to brand affects low dilution when product failure occurs in new extension. As per early research regarding brand extension leads to brand dilution, Aaker and Keller (1990) found insignificant evidence between unsuccessful brand extension leads to brand dilution. Conversely, in a research Loken and Roedder-John (1993) pointed that inconsistency of product and brand beliefs may lead to brand dilution. Brand dilution and failure of brand can occur when consumer find it difficult to associate the extension with the parent brand, a lack of similarity and familiarity and discrepancy between Integrated marketing communication messages. Brand extension is a strategy which most of the companies are using, to minimize risk associated with introducing a entirely new brand and maximize their profits from the new brand. But in some of the cases brand extension fails, and the reason is the weak brand equity of the parent brand that bear upon the success of the brand extension. If the equity of parent brand is strong, brand extension can be successful and vice versa. Both Functional and non functional attributes of a brand can harm and eventually dilute the equity of an integrated oriented brand, which means due to the weak brand equity, brand dilution can occur across the parent brand. Such kind of failures of extensions can make customers to create a negative association with the parent brand or even with the brand family. These failures can also agitate and blur the original identity and meaning of a brand even positioning as well. Managers seem to be aware of the dangers and benefits of extending their brand franchise. Yet the number of failed extensions in the past few years indicates that some refinement in our knowledge of the brand extension process is needed. What factors determine whether or not a brand extension will be successful? The most important factor identified by prior research is perceived fit. Consumers respond more favorably if they are able to perceive a fit between the extension and the parent brand and this leads to the success of the brand extension. Conversely, If consumers are unable to perceive a fit between extension and the parent brand, the brand extension might become a failure and may lead to brand dilution. According to Martinez and de Chernatony (2004) brand image has two types: the general brand image and the product brand image. According to them there would be no negative impact on general brand image if the brand image is strong. For example, Nike or Sony. Dilution effect would be more on product image instead of general brand image. Therefore, mostly the customers would stick to their beliefs about the parent brand with respect to its attributes and feelings. Nevertheless their study shows that brand image can be diluted by brand extension, and beliefs and association with the parent brand can also be changed. In developing countries like Pakistan it is even more convenient for multinationals to try brand extensions. The reason is that most of the multinational companies come from developed countries like America, United Kingdom and Japan. Products from these countries enjoy positive country of origin effect in mind of consumers due to their previous track record in terms of customer satisfaction. This as a result lowers the amount of money spend over awareness creation and since they already enjoy good market and media presence, therefore more affordable for them to launch brand extensions in Pakistan. For instance, Pakistan Tobacco Company Limited (PTC) which is a part of British American Tobacco who sells their brands to millions of consumers in 180 countries worldwide. They were the foremost brands entering Pakistan as early as 1947. Ever since then they have launched new reputed brand extensions such as Benson Hedges, Embassy, Gold Flake, Gold Leaf and recently Capstan brand of cigarettes (Business recorder.com). STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The failure rates of new product over the last few decades have increased tremendously; therefore, firms have resorted to brand extensions, because of inherent advantages including its acceptability, low promotion cost and comparatively lesser degree of failures. Despite these advantages, the failure rate of brand extension has remained significant in the last one decade. Therefore, the researchers have been focusing in identifying the factors that consumers use for evaluating the brand extension, or the factors that are contributes towards the success or failure of brand extensions. The focus of this study is to identify whether the brand extension is favorable or lead to brand dilution. Researches on brand extensions have focused mainly over consumer evaluation of brand extensions. However as a matter of fact consumers generally cannot assess brand extensions in undifferentiated manner (Aaker and Keller, 1990, Keller and Aaker, 1992; Dacin and Smith, 1994; Smith and Andres, 1995). In spite of the extensive body of knowledge on consumer evaluations of brand extensions, very little or negligible attention has been paid as to what is brand or marketing managers view point over brand extensions strategy ( Nijssen and Agustin, 1999). The lack of brand managers view point input in the literature is odd as their analysis of consumer and competitors reactions coupled with their personal preferences are a fairly good indicator of success of a brand extension strategy. Therefore along with consumers perception about brand extension, viewpoint of brand managers of couple of companies will also be considered in this thesis. Over the past couple of decades we have witnessed a great number of companies both domestic and multinationals engaging in brand extensions in Pakistan. For example a few of the well known domestic brand extensions deals in retailing and fashion (Chen One Pvt Ltd), health care products (Z-Jans Pvt Ltd), Medicam tooth paste and Sweetener (Medicam Pvt Ltd Pakistan), Rafhan pudding mix and Custard (Rafhan Best Food Ltd), National Pickel, Salt and Spices (National foods Ltd), Haleeb Milk Pack, Yogurt and Cream (Haleeb Foods Ltd Pakistan). As far as multinationals are concerned Nestle and Uniliver Pakistan have carried out most of the brand extensions. For example, Nestle (Mineral Water, Milk Pack, Cream Yogurt), Uniliver has brand extensions (Lifebuoy Shampoo Soap, Express Surf, Colgate toothpaste, Walls Ice-cream). In this relation a study of brand extensions from brand managers perspective is important to find out successful practices which are prerequisites for a brand extension in Pakistan. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The significance of this thesis is to explore the use of brand extension strategies in the Pakistan context. Whether the strategy of brand extension is favorable or not, or due to brand extension, brands gets diluted or cannibalized? Since brand extensions is one of the most popular strategies for leveraging brand equity, this study will also focus on brand extension effect on brand equity. This thesis will focus on brand extension strategies of products from various companies which include Z-Jans Pvt Ltd, Haleeb Foods Ltd Pakistan, Servis Shoes, Lakson Group, and Chen one, Nestle, Sunsilk, Pakola and Fair Lovely. Various companies insights regarding brand extension will help us to study favorability or unfavorability of brand extension in a well manner. We will try to achieve this purpose by answering the following research questions. Brand extension is more beneficial than launching new products with respect to customers know how about the parent brand. Brand extension is beneficial in Terms of Consumer Knowledge and Consumer Trust about the quality and association of Parent brand? Brand extension is beneficial in terms of refreshing Parent brand. Brand extension can result in dilution of Parent Brand. Brand extension can lower the credibility of Parent Brand. Brand extension can result in cannibalization of Parent Brand Sales Brand extension can be a disaster and may lead to brand dilution if extension is not fit (Similarity and consistency) as per the concept of Parent brand. Moderating factors like brand quality, customer know how, customer certainty and brand equity affect brand extension? By answering above question, we will come to know whether brand extension is favorable or it leads to brand dilution, and whether brand extension is favorable for those companies who prefer extension and are involved in brand extension from couple of decades. This thesis will be beneficial in indentifying the success rate or failure rate of brand extension of those companies which have been chosen for this thesis. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION The study is carried out from a viewpoint of brand extension in our home country (Pakistan). The research conducted for this thesis is based on limited and chosen product category and Another constraint confronted during the course of research was the fact that majority of multinationals (MNEs) formulate brand extension strategies at their head quarters abroad. Finally, it was learnt that since the concept of brand manager in Pakistan is in infancy stages therefore normally it is the marketing manager who carries out the responsibilities of brand manager when it comes to brand extensions. DEFINITIONS Brand According to (American Marketing Association 2007 brand is: A name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or a combination of them, intended to identify the goods and services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of competition. Brand extension Using an established name of one product class for entering another product class (Aaker 1991). Using a successful brand name for launching a new or modified product or line is known as brand extension strategy (Kotler 1991). An expansion strategy in which firms use already established and successful brand name for introducing a new or modified product (Kotler Armstrong 1990). Using an established brand name for introducing a new product into product category which is new to the company is known as franchise strategy (Hartman Price Duncan 1990). Product Line Extension A product line extension is the use of an established products brand name for a new item in the same product category. Line Extensions takes place when a company stretches its product line and introduces extra items in the same product category under the same brand name for example new nips, forms, colors, added ingredients, package sizes. This is a little different from brand extension in which a new product is introduced in an entirely new category, While Line extension occurs when the company increases its product line outside its current chain. Product line can also be stretched as down market stretch and up market stretch. Brand Dilution Brand dilution is the subverting of a brand though its overutilization. This often happens when brand extension is done poorly. Price cut can also bring a brand down and can damage the brand, even though it increases the volume of the product. Brand dilution can be a severe headache for companies that rely mostly on their strong brand for higher profits. Companies who possess strong brand image wishes to leverage its equity to sell and earn as much profit as they can, but the same strategy to leverage a brand equity can also lead to damage a brand name and eventually result in brand dilution. Brand Cannibalization Brand cannibalization pertains to a decrease in volume, revenue of sale and diminution of market share of a product which results from the introduction of new products by the same producer. For example, when diet coke was introduced by Coca Cola, sales for original coke diminished, but eventually it led in expansion of diet soft drink market. Brand Equity Brand equity is a relationship between customers and brands, resulting in a profit to be realized at a future date (Wood 2000). Kotler and Armstrong (1996) were of the opinion that measuring brand equity is a tedious job. Nevertheless, a powerful brand means high brand equity that helps in achieving higher brand loyalty, name awareness, perceived quality, and strong brand associations. Some of the major benefits of brand equity are brand awareness and consumer loyalty which helps in reducing marketing costs. Brand is an important equity; therefore, it should be carefully preserved by adopting strategies that would help in maintaining or improving brand awareness, perceived brand quality and positive associations. (Kotler Armstrong 1996) Brand Association Brand association refers to level by which a brand is recognized by a consumer in a deep manner. If a brand is deep seated in the mind of the consumer in a positive manner, it will be recognized positively. Brand associations are the properties of a brand which consumers recall whenever brand is talked about. Consumer relates a brand name with its implicit or explicit meanings. Brand association can also be termed as the level to which a specific product/service is acknowledged amongst its product or service family. When choosing a brand name, it is important that the name selected must reinforce an essential dimensions and specification or benefit association that forms the position of a product.

The Short Stories of Gabriel Garcia Marquez Essay -- Biography Biograp

The Short Stories of Gabriel Garcia Marquez Short story writer. Novelist. Journalist. Political activist. Nobel Prize winner. Most beloved of 20th century Latin American authors, Gabriel Garcia Marquez was born on March 6, 1928, in the small coastal town of Aracataca, Colombia. He published his first story, "The Third Resignation," in 1947 and began studying law and journalism. His first novel, Leafstorm, was published in 1955, the same year the Colombian government shut down his employer, the newspaper El Espectador. In 1958, after 14 years of engagement, he married Mercedes Burcha and began working for the Caracas newspaper, El Momento. During the Cuban Revolution in 1959, he worked for Cuba’s Prensa Latina in Bogota, Cuba, and New York. He published No One Writes to the Colonel in 1961 and was awarded the Colombian National Novel Prize for In Evil Hour. After two years of seclusion he published his most famed novel, One Hundred Years of Solitude; in 1970, it was published in English and named one of Time’s ten best books of the year. Always active in politics, Garcia Marquez founded the leftist magazine, Alternativa, in Bogota. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1982. Other important novels in Garcia Marquez’s large body of work include Love in the Time of Cholera, The Autumn of the Patriarch, Of Love and Other Demons, and The General in His Labyrinth, about Simon Bolivar. His most recent work, News of a Kidnapping, published in 1996, is a piece of journalistic nonfiction. Prolific and versatile, Garcia Marquez has endured for half a century and earned himself an honored place in world literature. Though not as well known as his novels, his short stories make for particularly fascinating reading. His first... ...entence conjures imagery of the Garden of Eden, and implies that since that time, man has lived in a meaningless, disoriented fog of self-absorption. Though perhaps not as accomplished as his fine novels, the early short stories of Gabriel Garcia Marquez accurately embody the atmosphere of the 20th century. His Kafkaesqe visions deftly blur the line between the real and the unreal, the physical and the imaginary. The psychological and philosophical torment of his characters reverberates throughout the work of many other modern authors, and these stories serve as an auspicious beginning to a remarkable career in world literature. Works Cited Garcia Marquez, Gabriel. "Eva Is Inside Her Cat." Collected Stories. Cambridge: Harper & Row, 1984. 3-12. Garcia Marquez, Gabriel. "The Third Resignation." Collected Stories. Cambridge: Harper & Row, 1984. 23-34.

More Than Just Race

More Than Just Race: Being Black In The Inner City William Julius Wilson Chapter One Synopsis In this Chapter, the author introduces his backstops and the way people react around him despite the fact that he Is a Harvard professor. Many of the residents in his bullying get nervous because he Is black when he rides the elevator with them. However, despite the fact that he Is discriminated against when he Is out of his suits, he states that he cannot blame them for being nervous around him.Due to the criminal and violent history that African Americans have today, as well as the media arterial of African Americans, many people get a pre conceived racist notion of how all black males are. Wilson thoroughly explains that because of the changing society, racial Inequality has continued. â€Å"In the last several decades, almost all of the Improvements In productivity have been associated with technology and human capital† (Wilson 182). Although the changes in the work force have bee n helpful to higher skilled workers, they have made finding Jobs for lower skilled workers almost impossible.Because of the segregation in housing, schools are also segregated and African Americans do not receive the same education that whites do. The fact that African Americans are restricted to communities that have higher unemployment rates, and lower education opportunities, blacks suffer at a disproportionate rate. The culture already instilled into inner cities, racism continues to prevail. â€Å"Culture is closely intertwined with social relations in the sense of providing tools and creating constraints in patterns of social interaction†. (Wilson 319).Chapter Two Synopsis In this Chapter the author describes â€Å"structural forces† that have made an impact on the black community. He discussed forces that were influenced by race and those that still had an impact on the black community nonetheless. In the late sass's there was very little discussion about the ch allenges inner city blacks faced. The lack of public awareness of the challenges inner city blacks face has contributed dramatically to the declining neighborhoods and the huge gap between race and income between inner city ghettos and urban areas.The Second Migration from the South to the North in 1970 was put to an end because of the decline in employment in the inner city. Because of this migration, areas that were once greatly populated by grants were left almost completely abandoned by the employed middle class. Cultural forces as well as Structural forces play important roles in understanding the effects of living in poor segregated areas. Although culture is a major part of the outcomes inner city blacks face, they are nothing near the impact political forces in combination with economic forces produce in the inner city areas.Structural forces on poverty stricken areas have a much greater significance than cultural forces. Chapter Three Synopsis In this Chapter, the author ex plained that even though both structural and cultural explanations restrict African American male progress, structural explanations of the economic downfalls of low skilled African Americans play a much larger role than cultural explanations. The computer revelation in today's Job market has decreased the demand for low skilled employees and has restricted African Americans males from finding employment in Jobs that in the past would offer them positions.The growth of service industries has also put a holt in the availability of employment to black males because of the demand for workers with education and at least a small amount of skill. Service industries only offer Jobs that require workers to serve and relate to customers. Black males have a difficult time getting into this type of industry because often times, employers believe that women and â€Å"recent immigrants of both genders are better suited than black males†. The employers beliefs that women are better suited t han back males comes from the high violence rates in the inner city ghettos.Because of these violence rates, employers view blacks negatively. This violence also played a major role in the legal system and resulted in the higher incarceration rates of black males. Because of these forces, both cultural and structural, the demand for employment of low skilled black males has become increasingly lower, especially for the ones who have prison records. Chapter 4 Synopsis In this Chapter, Wilson discussed the downfalls of poor black families. In a study collected about poor families, it was found that in the U.S. Poor families tended to be ran by black woman and 31% of all poor households were ran by young black women. Account for only 12% of the United States population. Willow's study of family life in Chicago revealed that marriage has declined at a much faster rate among young, unemployed black fathers than it has for young employed black fathers. However, findings from research did not find a string correlation between employment and rates of marriage. In the case of marriages among black cultural influences trump structural ones.Studies also revealed that responses between employment and marriage among poor women, despite race remain similar. Just like in all previous chapters, the segregation of inner city blacks, as well as the issues of Joblessness and lack of opportunity, continue to play a great role in all aspects of African Americans lives. Chapter 5 Synopsis In this Chapter, Wilson sums up all his findings to create a conclusion on how to unite both structure and culture in order to create a more equal society.Cultural patterns in the inner city ghetto relate to informal rules that shape how people act with one another and make decisions. The decisions made in the inner city ghettos often correlates with the way inner city residents view the way the world works. Residents of the ghettos find ways to adjust and respond to such negative racial economic segregation. These ways develop into the regular behavior that many urban students view as repulsive, influencing their racism even further. Structural patterns play a greater role in the suppression of African Americans as well as other people of color.Political powers also play a role in the segregation of minorities, and even though there are some policy makers who are dedicated to ending the problems of race and poverty, they still face many challenges. It has become extremely important to discuss how the issues of race and poverty are viewed in public policy discussions because these reveal so much about our commitment, as a society to change. 20 Most Important Points 1 . The portrayal of black men in the media as well as their rates of incarceration is problematic when employers evaluate the credibility of black males form employment. . As long as the high rates of incarceration and violence persist, people of all races will react to black males in public and private places ne gatively. 3. Structural forces contribute directly to racial group outcomes such as employment rate and differences in poverty. 4. The growth of new technologies in the workplace has changed the demand for different types of workers. 5. The development in use of genealogy in the work place is especially problematic for African Americans because they have a higher average of low skilled workers. . Even before the restructuring of the economy, low skilled African Americans were the last to be hired and the first to be let go. 7. The future of families, especially poor working families, depends on how the government decides to react to changes in the economy. 8. Employers in the service industry feel that consumers perceived inner city black males to be dangerous or threatening. 9. In the past, black males only had to demonstrate strong useless because of the Jobs they were performing (assembly lines, construction, etc).

Architect William Holabird and the First Skyscrapers

Architect William Holabird and the First Skyscrapers Architect William Holabird (born September 11, 1854 in Amenia Union, New York), along with his partner Martin Roche (1853-1927), forged Americas early skyscrapers and launched an architectural style known as the Chicago School. The architectural firms of Holabird and Roche, Burnham and Root, and Adler and Sullivan were some of the most influential teams in American architectural history and modern design. William Holabird began his education at the West Point Military Academy, but after two years he moved to Chicago and worked as a draftsman for William Le Baron Jenney, who is often called Father of the Skyscraper. Holabird founded his own practice in 1880, and formed a partnership with Martin Roche in 1881. The Chicago School style featured many innovations. The Chicago window created the effect that the buildings were composed of glass. Each large pane of glass was flanked by narrow windows that could be opened. Many of the first skyscrapers were built in Chicago, Illinois after the Great Fire of 1871. In Chicago, Holabird and Roche designed the Tacoma Building (1888), the Pontiac Building (1891), the Old Colony Building (1893), the Marquette Building (1895), the LaSalle Hotel (1909), the Brooks Building (1910), the Palmer House (1923), and the Stevens Hotel (1927). Between 1889 and 1908 Holabird and Roche built a number of buildings at Fort Sheridan, Illinois - 66 buildings have been designated a National Historic Landmark District. In addition to their Chicago skyscrapers, Holabird and Roche became leading designers of large hotels in the midwest. The Plankinton Building in Milwaukee Wisconsin started off as a two-story building in 1916 and five more floors were added in 1924. The Plankinton, like other new tall buildings being built at the time, was steel frame with a facade of terra cotta.   After William Holabirds death on July 19, 1923, the firm was reorganized by his son. The new firm, Holabird Root, was highly influential in the 1920s. The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation is proud to own and occupy the Marquette Building in Chicago. As a supporter of creativity, the Foundation is the perfect owner of a building steeped in history. Early skyscrapers from the Chicago School era are now over a century old, if they havent already been torn down. Holabird and Roche designed the original 1924 neoclassical style Soldier Field in Chicago, a national landmark stripped of its designation after a gut-wrenching 21st century renovation. Restoration and historic preservation are the price of caring for history.

Why we need music censorship in America essays

Why we need music censorship in America essays Two teenagers get up one morning. Both live normal lives and have never harmed a fly. However, years of listening to heavy metal, gothic, and rap music have put destructive suggestions into their subconsciences. They decide that their lives are not as perfect as they want them to be. They arrive at school with guns in hand, and start shooting at several of their peers and teachers. Some of the students and staff lay dead, others injured, and the rest emotionally instable all because of the music that provoked those kids that morning. Children should be protected and hindered from this weapon that has been fired on society. Some politicians believe that censoring or filtering out vulgar language and inappropriate themes will infringe on the artists right to freedom of expression. United States government should have right to censor all music for the sake of our teenagers who are yet to become the future leaders of America. I will have to admit that some teenagers will still have acc ess to whatever they want to listen to. And that some artists will be promoting what they have been doing underground if censorship becomes legal nationally. As you probably know, the Washington, D.C.-based American Psychological Association (APA) released the study, resulting from five experiments involving over 500 college students, in the May issue of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. The violent songs increased feelings of hostility without provocation or threat, according to the study. It said the effect was not the result of differences in musical style, specific performing artist or arousal properties of the songs. Even the humorous violent songs increased aggressive thoughts, the study said. (Heins 66) This study definitely contradicts a popular notion that listening to angry, violent music actually serves as a positive catharsis for people. Some will say that, all music is not intended for everyone. It...

Minority Media in the U.S Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Minority Media in the U.S - Essay Example One of the most remarkable characteristics of the Hispanic media is the sheer size of its audience. There are approximately 40 million Hispanics in the US, the largest US minority, and 88% of them view Spanish language television (Porter 55). The number of Hispanic television viewers in Los Angeles is greater than the entire viewing audience in Boston (Ballve 20). In addition, nearly 80% of Hispanics listen to Spanish speaking radio and has resulted in Hispanic advertising growing at a rate of 20% in 2002 nearly 3 times the English speaking rate (Porter 55). These statistics translate into dollars as Hispanic radio and TV stations and their broadcasting networks bring in billions of dollars. Before the media industry was worth billions of dollars while selling politics and products to millions of listeners, there were newspapers and periodicals. Kanellos points out that there are two distinctive Hispanic media in the US; the immigrant media, and the primarily native Hispanic press, which is directed at the US citizens of Hispanic descent (4). By the mid-nineteenth century, both natives and immigrants were creating Spanish speaking newspapers and periodicals (Kanellos 3). These circulations would form the genesis of the Hispanic press and the coming electronic media. Kanellos contends that in 1910, during the massive immigration of economic and political refugees from Mexico into the US, the Hispanic press began to define itself. Publishers and columnists advocated using the press for the "defense of the community" (Kanellos 4). According to Kanellos, "...defense meant protecting immigrants civil and human rights, but just as important it also meant protecting the commun ity from the influence of Anglo-American culture and the Protestant religion" (4). It is on this foundation that the Hispanic media has been able to build a cohesive base that centers on a common

Hamilton Federalists 16 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hamilton Federalists 16 - Essay Example By so doing the government not only controls what states do but also what the individuals do. If the federal laws apply to individuals, then punishment on wrong doing will be subsidized as well as the activities in the country (Hamilton, Madison, Jay 2009). According to Hamilton, legislation on states only would be a chance for lawlessness. The states would choose what to implement, and when and where to implement the laws. They could also avoid implementing the federal laws which in turn could result in chaos. This would result in government intervention and as such the use of military to enforce order. Using force on people could make them retaliate and that could lead to civil wars in a bid to resist the authority. Having federal laws ensures that there is a body that governs the actions and activities of the entire nation. This will ensure that there is synchronization in every legal aspect of peoples’ lives and also it will ensure that if an individual’s rights are violated he has a channel that he could use to attain justice (Hamilton, Madison, Jay 2009). ... This will be a means to show the other states the possible consequences that they would face if they did not follow federal laws. While states may not want to favor a constitution that uses the military to enforce the law, they cannot change the federal law. Hamilton was wrong in thinking that it would only take the military to enforce the law. In actual sense, the people would ensure that the laws are enforced as long as the laws protected their rights and ensure that people cohabit peacefully (Hamilton, Madison, Jay 2009). Hamilton also wrote that if the implementation of the federal laws did not need the states legislation to intervene, and were implemented directly on the people there would be no need for the government intervention with violent application of the military, an unconstitutional command. This means that the states would not be part of any violent and forceful inputs of the government and hence would not be a part of any acts that infringe the rights of individuals. This also means that if individuals did not on their own part follow the federal laws then the effects of their actions would affect them directly and not affect people in the state that do follow the federal laws. This is to say that, an individual’s actions will mean that any punishment will be directed at the individual without involving fellow state members who are innocent and also will not affect the state. I agree because if the legislation is on individuals there will be minimal chances that innocent people will suffer on account of people that do not want to follow the laws. This means that the government will not result to measures that infringe on human rights, as well as federal